The Ataxin-2 protein is required for microRNA function and synapse-specific long-term olfactory habituation

Local control of mRNA translation has been proposed as a mechanism for regulating synapse-specific plasticity associated with long-term memory. We show here that glomerulus-selective plasticity of Drosophila multiglomerular local interneurons observed during long-term olfactory habituation (LTH) requires the Ataxin-2 protein (Atx2) to function in uniglomerular projection neurons (PNs) postsynaptic to local interneurons (LNs). PN-selective knockdown of Atx2 selectively blocks LTH to odorants to which the PN responds and in addition selectively blocks LTH-associated structural and functional plasticity in odorant-responsive glomeruli. Atx2 has been shown previously to bind DEAD box helicases of the Me31B family, proteins associated with Argonaute (Ago) and microRNA (miRNA) function. Robust transdominant interactions of atx2 with me31B and ago1 indicate that Atx2 functions with miRNA-pathway components for LTH and associated synaptic plasticity. Further direct experiments show that Atx2 is required for miRNA-mediated repression of several translational reporters in vivo. Together, these observations (i) show that Atx2 and miRNA components regulate synapse-specific long-term plasticity in vivo; (ii) identify Atx2 as a component of the miRNA pathway; and (iii) provide insight into the biological function of Atx2 that is of potential relevance to spinocerebellar ataxia and neurodegenerative disease.     

Glycogen accumulation in renal tubules, a key morphological change in the diabetic rat kidney

Abstract Patients with diabetic nephropathy, characterised pathologically by glomerulosclerosis, may account for up to 40% of end-stage renal cases. The short-term (within 3 months) streptozotocin- or alloxan-induced rat model is often used but glomerulosclerosis is seldom reported and it is unclear what the primary renal lesions are. Diabetic rats were studied at 1, 3 and 6 months after a single injection of alloxan. Both methacrylate and paraffin-embedded renal sections were obtained and stained with PAS and haematoxylin. A morphometric study was performed with stereological methods to obtain the volumes and lengths or diameters of renal tubules and glomeruli. A key morphological change associated with sustained hyperglycaemia was the accumulation of glycogen granules in about half of the distal tubules and thin segments starting from 1 month after the experiment, which was then extended to about half of the proximal tubules at 6 months. Renal hypertrophy was seen with a 9% increase in the tubule diameter but not in the total length; glomerular morphology was basically unaffected. Further studies are needed to establish whether glomerulosclerosis would occur in longer term and whether this animal model would be appropriate to study the human condition of diabetes mellitus in terms of renal damage.     

和肝利胆颗粒的质量标准研究

目的:建立和肝利胆颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对方中黄芩、五味子、茵陈、栀子进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对黄芩中的黄芩苷进行含量测定:色谱柱为Welchrom C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸(42∶58∶0.2,V/V/V),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为280 nm。结果:TLC图中的斑点清晰、分离较好,阴性对照无干扰;黄芩苷的质量浓度在1⁴0μg/ml范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均加样回收率为99.78%,RSD=2.68%(n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于和肝利胆颗粒的质量控制。     

芪归糖痛宁颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立芪归糖痛宁颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱。方法:色谱柱为Acquity BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),柱温为26Ⅰ,流速为0.25 ml/min,检测波长为254 nm。利用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004A版)对10批样品的相似度进行评价。结果:芪归糖痛宁颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱共有13个共有峰,方法测定的重复性、精密度和稳定性良好;10批样品的相似度均>0.99。结论:所建指纹图谱可用于芪归糖痛宁颗粒的质量控制。     

无蔗糖型双参活血通络颗粒的质量标准研究

目的:建立无蔗糖型双参活血通络颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对无蔗糖型双参活血通络颗粒中的三七、丹参、五味子进行定性鉴别;采用反相高效液相色谱法测定制剂中丹参酮ⅡA的含量:色谱柱为SHIMADZU C18(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75∶25,V/V),检测波长为270 nm。结果:TLC图中能清晰检出三七皂苷R1、丹参酮ⅡA和五味子甲素,鉴别专属性强,阴性对照无干扰。丹参酮ⅡA进样量在0.016 896⁰.337 920μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 9);精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD<1%;平均加样回收率为99.55%,RSD=0.41%(n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于无蔗糖型双参活血通络颗粒的质量控制。     

近红外光谱法快速分析小儿复方磺胺甲嗯唑颗粒的水分含量

目的利用近红外漫反射光谱（NIRDRS）分析技术和化学计量学方法对小儿复方磺胺甲嗯唑颗粒的水分含量进行快速定量分析。方法以全国不同企业生产的小儿复方磺胺甲嗯唑颗粒为分析对象,为扩大检测的浓度范围,通过恒温恒湿引湿的方法制得实验室制备样品,用光纤探头直接接触样品采集近红外漫反射光谱,采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立模型。结果小儿复方磺胺甲嗯唑颗粒水分定量分析模型由64个样本经内部交叉验证建立,42个样本用于外部验证,浓度范围为0．12％～6．15％,内部交叉验证相关系数（r）为0．9975,交叉验证均方差（RMSECV）为0．0835,外部验证均方差（RMSEP）为0．0865。结论建立的定量分析模型能对小儿复方磺胺甲嚷唑颗粒的水分含量进行准确、快速定量分析,方法简单可靠,可用于药品的现场快速分析。     

虎杖饮片、水煎剂、配方颗粒高效液相色谱特征图谱相关性研究

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对虎杖饮片、水煎剂和配方颗粒的特征图谱进行相关性研究,考察不同的存在形式对虎杖化学成分的影响。方法 采用Merck Lichrospher RP-18e柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为306 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μL,采集时间为80 min。分别建立10批虎杖饮片、10批虎杖水煎剂、11批虎杖配方颗粒的特征图谱。结果 11批虎杖配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱的7个特征峰均可在其饮片、水煎剂中得到追踪,且相似度均大于0.99,并从7个共有峰中指认出虎杖苷（polydatin）、白藜芦醇（resveratrol）、大黄素（emodin）3个成分。结论 虎杖饮片、水煎剂和配方颗粒的主要化学成分组成基本相同,其共有成分含量比例相近。     

小儿腹泻不同治疗方案的对比分析

目的探讨不同治疗方案治疗小儿腹泻的临床效果。方法选取小儿腹泻患者220例,随机分为对照组107例,观察组113例,对照组患儿在常规治疗基础上加用蒙脱石散口服,观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用枯草杆菌二联活菌多维颗粒剂口服。对两组患者的治疗时间、治疗效果以及不良反应进行比较。结果观察组患儿止泻时间、纠正脱水时间、平均治愈时间以及治疗总疗程明显短于对照组（P〈O．05）。观察组患儿痊愈率和总有效率分别为82．30％和98．23％．对照组分别为53．27％和87．85％,观察组明显高于对照组（P〈O．05）。观察组不良反应发生率为66．37％,对照组为62．62％,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在蒙脱石散的基础上联合应用枯草杆菌二联活菌多维颗粒剂治疗小儿腹泻．可以提高患儿的治疗效果,缩短治疗时间,安全、方便、有效。     

HPLC法测定哮喘颗粒中苦杏仁苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定哮喘颗粒中苦杏仁苷的含量。方法采用Agilent C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-1%磷酸水(21∶79);流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:210 nm。结果苦杏仁苷的线性范围为0.161 4³.228μg,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为99.02%,RSD=0.81%。结论该方法简便、准确,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

枫蓼肠胃康冲剂联合美沙拉秦缓释片对反复发作型溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效及安全性研究

目的观察枫蓼肠胃康冲剂联合美沙拉秦缓释片治疗反复发作型溃疡性结肠炎患者的疗效及安全性。方法将52例反复发作型溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分为2组,每组26例。对照组患者给予美沙拉秦缓释片1 g/次口服,4次/d,共治疗4周。观察组患者在对照组的基础上,加服枫蓼肠胃康冲剂3.0 g(1包)/次,3次/d。两组患者均配合口服补液盐或补液、补钾等辅助治疗。治疗前后均进行结肠镜检查,比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗后结肠镜检结果。治疗前后均进行血压检查,密切观察两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。随访半年,观察比较两组患者结肠炎复发情况。结果观察组、对照组总有效率分别为92.31%、69.23%,观察组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组结肠镜检查0级12例,1级8例;对照组0级7例,1级5例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前血压比较差异无统计学意义,观察组治疗后SBP、DBP均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者均未出现肝肾功能异常及血常规异常。观察组、对照组分别有3例、2例发生不良反应,两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义。随访半年期间,对照组、观察组分别有1例(3.85%)、6例(23.08%)复发,观察组复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论枫蓼肠胃康冲剂联合美沙拉秦缓释片治疗反复发作型溃疡性结肠炎,疗效确切,不良反应少,可明显降低疾病复发率。